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      "referencetext": "Akwa, J. V., Alves da Silva J\u00fanior, G., & Petry, A. P. (2012). Discussion on the Verification of the Overlap Ratio Influence on Performance Coefficients of a Savonius Wind Rotor Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Renewable Energy, 38(1), 141\u2013149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.07.013\r\nAl-Gburi, K. A. H., Alnaimi, F. B. I., Al-quraishi, B. A. J., Tan, E. S., & Kareem, A. K. (2023). Enhancing Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Performance: A Comprehensive Approach with Numerical Analysis and Experimental Investigations. Energies, 16(10), 4204. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104204\r\nAnderson, J. D. (2011). Fundamentals of aerodynamics. (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.2514/152157\r\nBlazek, J. (2015). Computational Fluid Dynamics: Principles and Applications (3rd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.\r\nBuick, S., & M.,  i and J. (2023). fluids. 1\u201321.\r\nChen, W.-L., Wen, C.-Y., Li, H., Wang, Z., Liu, H., & Zhou, T. (2022). Review of Active Control of Circular Cylinder Flow. Ocean Engineering, 258, 111840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111840\r\nDarhmaoui, H., & Sheikh, N. (2017). University Honors Program SAVONIUS VERTICAL WIND TURBINE\u202f: DESIGN , SIMULATION , AND PHYSICAL TESTING Eddahmani Aymane. (May).\r\nElbatran, A. H., Ahmed, Y. M., & Shehata, A. S. (2017). Performance study of ducted nozzle Savonius water turbine, comparison with conventional Savonius turbine. Energy, 134, 566\u2013584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.041\r\nEshagh Nimvari, M., Fatahian, H., & Fatahian, E. (2020). Performance Improvement of a Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using a Porous Deflector. Energy Conversion and Management, 220, 113062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113062\r\nGhafoorian, F., Mirmotahari, S. R., Mehrpooya, M., Ghafoorian, F., & Azadani, L. N. (2024). 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Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics, 210(February), 104536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104536\r\nLi, T., & Ishihara, T. (2021b). Numerical Study on Wake Galloping of Tandem Circular Cylinders Considering the Effects of Mass and Spacing Ratios. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 210, 104536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104536\r\nManceau, R. (2023). Turbulence modelling for CFD Remi Manceau To cite this version\u202f: HAL Id\u202f: hal-03207433 Turbulence modelling for CFD.\r\nMrigua, K., Mnaouar, H., & Driss, Z. (2022). Numerical Investigation of a New Modified Savonius Wind Turbines. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 11(3), 708\u2013715. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.45799\r\nNobile, R., Vahdati, M., Barlow, J. F., & Mewburn-Crook, A. (2014). Unsteady Flow Simulation of a Vertical Axis Augmented Wind Turbine: A Two-Dimensional Study. 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The Design of a Savonius Wind Turbine with Guide Vanes: A Computational Approach. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer (MHMT 2022). https://doi.org/10.11159/ehst22.133\r\nSetiawan, P. A., Soim, S., Antoko, B., Lukitadi, P. P. S., Santoso, E., Ariwiyono, N., Antariksih, D. D. K. R., & Disrinama, A. (2024). Performance Investigation of the Savonius Wind Turbine by Putting a Rotating Cylinder in the Front of Advancing by Varying the Diameter and Stagger Angle. International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.12962/j25481479.v9i3.21136\r\nThiyagaraj, J., Rahamathullah, I., Anbuchezhiyan, G., Barathiraja, R., & Ponshanmugakumar, A. (2021). Influence of Blade Numbers, Overlap Ratio and Modified Blades on Performance Characteristics of the Savonius Hydro-Kinetic Turbine. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 7711\u20137718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.568\r\nVersteeg, H. K., & Malalasekera, W. (2007). An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method (2nd ed.). Pearson Education.\r\nWong, K. H., Chong, W. T., Sukiman, N. L., Poh, S. C., Shiah, Y. C., & Wang, C. T. (2017). Performance Enhancements on Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Using Flow Augmentation Systems: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 73, 904\u2013921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.160\r\nYahya, W., Ziming, K., Juan, W., Saqlain, M., Al-Nehari, M., Salim, E., & Danardono, D. (2021). Influence of Tilt Angle and the Number of Guide Vane Blades towards the Savonius Rotor Performance. Energy Reports, 7, 3317\u20133327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.05.053\r\nYudistira, R., Nindito, D. A., & Sari, R. H. S. (2021). Uji Eksperimental Pengembangan Turbin Hidrokinetik Savonius Berdasarkan Bentuk Profil Distribusi Kecepatan Aliran. RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 7(1), 1\u201310.\r\nZhang, L. B., Dai, H. L., Abdelkefi, A., & Wang, L. (2019). Experimental Investigation of Aerodynamic Energy Harvester with Different Interference Cylinder Cross-Sections. Energy, 167, 970\u2013981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.059",
      "keywords": "turbin Savonius, tandem-stagger cylinder, hidrodinamika, CFD,coefficient of moment, coefficient of power.",
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      "divisions": [
        "DIII_TPU"
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      "title": "PENGARUH TANDEM STAGGER CYLINDER TERHADAP PERFORMA\r\nHIDRODINAMIKA DRAG TURBIN",
      "date_type": "completed",
      "abstract": "Turbin Savonius memiliki konstruksi sederhana dan kemampuan self-starting yang\r\nbaik, tetapi performanya masih terbatas akibat drag negatif pada returning blade serta\r\npembentukan wake yang menyebabkan kehilangan energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan\r\nmenganalisis pengaruh empat circular cylinder dalam konfigurasi tandem-stagger\r\nterhadap performa hidrodinamika turbin Savonius menggunakan simulasi\r\nComputational Fluid Dynamics dua dimensi. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan\r\npendekatan Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier\u2013Stokes dan model turbulensi SST k\u03c9 dengan fluida kerja air, kecepatan aliran bebas 1 m/s, bilangan Reynolds 3,6 \u00d7 10\u2075,\r\nserta sudut stagger 45\u00b0. Variasi spacing ratio yang digunakan adalah S/D = 0,8; 0,9;\r\n1,0; dan 1,1. Model numerik diverifikasi melalui uji grid independence dan divalidasi\r\ndengan membandingkan kecenderungan hasil simulasi terhadap penelitian\r\nsebelumnya. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi distribusi tekanan, pola aliran,\r\nkarakteristik wake, coefficient of moment, dan coefficient of power. Hasil penelitian\r\nmenunjukkan bahwa seluruh variasi cylinder mampu meningkatkan performa\r\ndibandingkan turbin konvensional. Konfigurasi S/D = 0,9 menghasilkan performa\r\nterbaik dengan Cm maksimum sebesar 0,515 dan Cp maksimum sebesar 0,373, yang\r\nmeningkat masing-masing sekitar 41,5% dan 62% dibandingkan turbin konvensional.\r\nKonfigurasi tersebut mampu mengarahkan aliran menuju advancing blade,\r\nmengurangi drag negatif pada returning blade, serta menghasilkan pola wake yang\r\nlebih teratur. Dengan demikian, konfigurasi tandem-stagger cylinder efektif digunakan\r\nsebagai metode passive flow control untuk meningkatkan performa hidrodinamika\r\nturbin Savonius.\r\nKata kunci: turbin Savonius, tandem-stagger cylinder, hidrodinamika, CFD,coefficient of moment, coefficient of power.\r\n\r\n===========================================================\r\n\r\nThe Savonius turbine has a simple construction and good self-starting capability, but\r\nits performance remains limited due to negative drag on the returning blade and wake\r\nformation that causes energy losses. This study analyzes the effect of four circular\r\ncylinders arranged in a tandem-stagger configuration on the hydrodynamic\r\nperformance of a Savonius turbine using two-dimensional Computational Fluid\r\nDynamics simulations. The simulations were performed using the Unsteady ReynoldsAveraged Navier\u2013Stokes approach and the SST k-\u03c9 turbulence model, with water as\r\nthe working fluid, a free-stream velocity of 1 m/s, a Reynolds number of 3.6 \u00d7 10\u2075, and\r\na stagger angle of 45\u00b0. The tested spacing ratios were S/D = 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, and 1.1. The\r\nnumerical model was verified through a grid-independence test and validated against\r\nprevious studies. The evaluated parameters included pressure distribution, flow\r\npatterns, wake characteristics, coefficient of moment, and coefficient of power. The\r\nresults showed that all cylinder configurations improved turbine performance\r\ncompared with the conventional design. The S/D = 0.9 configuration produced the best\r\nperformance, with a maximum Cm of 0.515 and a maximum Cp of 0.373, representing\r\nimprovements of approximately 41.5% and 62%, respectively. Therefore, tandemstagger cylinders are effective passive flow-control devices for improving the torque\r\nand power performance of a hydrokinetic Savonius turbine.\r\nKeywords: Savonius turbine, tandem-stagger cylinder, hydrodynamics, CFD,\r\ncoefficient of moment, coefficient of power.",
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