PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM MONITORING PANEL SURYA 100 WP BERBASIS BLOCKCHAIN UNTUK KEAMANAN DATA DAN TRANSPARANSI DATA ENERGI

Peningkatan pemanfaatan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) sebagai
sumber energi terbarukan memerlukan sistem monitoring yang mampu
menyediakan informasi kondisi panel surya secara real-time. Namun, sistem
monitoring konvensional yang menggunakan basis data terpusat masih memiliki
kelemahan pada aspek keamanan, transparansi, dan integritas data. Penelitian ini
bertujuan mengembangkan sistem monitoring panel surya 100 Wp berbasis
blockchain untuk meningkatkan keamanan dan transparansi data energi. Sistem
dikembangkan menggunakan panel surya monocrystalline 100 Wp, sensor PZEM
017 sebagai pembaca parameter listrik, mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai pengolah
data, web dashboard sebagai media visualisasi, serta smart contract pada jaringan
Ethereum Sepolia sebagai media penyimpanan data blockchain. Metode penelitian
yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) yang meliputi tahap
perancangan, implementasi, pengujian, dan evaluasi sistem. Parameter yang
diamati meliputi tegangan, arus, daya, dan energi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa sistem berhasil melakukan monitoring secara real-time dengan rata-rata
tegangan sebesar 13,72 V, arus 0,42 A, daya 5,82 W, dan energi 370,67 Wh. Hasil
pengujian sensor PZEM-017 menunjukkan rata-rata error pengukuran tegangan
sebesar 0,19% dengan tingkat akurasi 99,81%, sedangkan keberhasilan transaksi
blockchain mencapai 100%. Seluruh data pengukuran berhasil disimpan pada
blockchain dan diverifikasi melalui Etherscan menggunakan Transaction Hash,
Block Number, dan Event Logs, sehingga menjamin keamanan, transparansi, dan
integritas data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem
monitoring panel surya berbasis blockchain berhasil diimplementasikan dan
mampu menyediakan pencatatan data energi yang aman, transparan, akurat, serta
mendukung proses monitoring energi terbarukan secara real-time.
Kata kunci: Panel Surya, Monitoring Energi, Blockchain, ESP32, PZEM-017, E

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The increasing utilization of photovoltaic (PV) systems as renewable energy
sources requires a monitoring system capable of providing real-time operational
information. However, conventional monitoring systems that rely on centralized
databases still face challenges related to data security, transparency, and integrity.
This study aims to develop a 100 Wp solar panel monitoring system based on
blockchain technology to improve the security and transparency of energy data.
The proposed system integrates a 100 Wp monocrystalline solar panel, a PZEM
017 sensor for measuring electrical parameters, an ESP32 microcontroller for data
processing, a web-based dashboard for real-time visualization, and a smart
contract deployed on the Ethereum Sepolia blockchain for decentralized data
storage. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method,
including system design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. The monitored
electrical parameters consisted of voltage, current, power, and energy. The
experimental results showed that the system successfully performed real-time
monitoring with an average voltage of 13.72 V, current of 0.42 A, power of 5.82 W,
and accumulated energy of 370.67 Wh. The accuracy evaluation of the PZEM-017
sensor produced an average voltage measurement error of 0.19%, corresponding
to an accuracy of 99.81%. Furthermore, all blockchain transactions were
successfully executed, achieving a 100% transaction success rate. The recorded
measurement data were permanently stored on the Ethereum blockchain and
successfully verified through Transaction Hashes, Block Numbers, and Event Logs
using Etherscan, ensuring data security, transparency, and integrity. The results
demonstrate that the proposed blockchain-based monitoring system is capable of
providing secure, transparent, accurate, and real-time energy monitoring for
small-scale photovoltaic systems.
Keywords: Solar Panel, Energy Monitoring, Blockchain, ESP32, PZEM-017,
Ethereum, Internet of Things (IoT).