PERAN METEOROLOGI DALAM AIRPLANE INCIDENT DAN ACCIDENT DI JEPANG DAN KOREA SELATAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kontribusi faktor meteorologi terhadap terjadinya insiden dan kecelakaan penerbangan di Jepang dan Korea Selatan selama
periode 2015 hingga 2024. Meskipun kedua negara dikenal memiliki sistem manajemen keselamatan penerbangan yang canggih dan infrastruktur penerbangan modern, beberapa insiden dan kecelakaan masih terjadi, terutama yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi cuaca ekstrem.
Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode tinjauan literatur dan analisis konten dari laporan resmi Badan Keselamatan Transportasi Jepang (JTSB) dan Badan Penyelidikan Kecelakaan Penerbangan dan Kereta Api Korea (ARAIB).
Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa di Jepang, fenomenameteorologi seperti turbulensi (11%), shear angin (9%), pembekuan (3%), badai petir (1%), dan visibilitas rendah (2%) di Jepang, serta fenomena meteorologi seperti turbulensi (9%), shear angin (9%), pembekuan (0%), badai petir (0%), dan visibilitas rendah (0%) di Korea Selatan memiliki korelasi yang signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko penerbangan. Selain itu, studi ini menganalisis efektivitas penerapan sistem manajemen risiko cuaca dan kepatuhan operator terhadap rekomendasi keselamatan pasca kecelakaan. Temuan studi ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada pengembangan kebijakan mitigasi risiko cuaca, perbaikan prosedur operasional standar (SOP), dan peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia dalam menghadapi dinamika meteorologi penerbangan. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian
ini diharapkan dapat mendukung upaya peningkatan keselamatan penerbangan, baik di tingkat nasional maupun regional.
Kata kunci: meteorologi penerbangan, kecelakaan pesawat, fenomena cuaca berbahaya, Jepang, Korea Selatan
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This study aims to evaluate the contribution of meteorological factors to the occurrence of incidents and accidents in aviation in Japan and South Korea during the period 2015 to 2024. Although both countries are known to have advanced aviation safety management systems and modern aviation infrastructure, a few incidents and accidents still occur, particularly those influenced by extreme weather
conditions. This study employs a quantitatif approach using literature review methods and content analysis of official reports from the Japan Transport Safety Board (JTSB) and the Korean Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board (ARAIB).
The results of the study indicate that in Japan meteorological phenomena such as turbulence (11%), wind shear (9%), icing (3%), thunderstorms (1%), and low visibility (2%) and in South Korea meteorological phenomena such as turbulence (9%), wind shear (9%), icing (0%), thunderstorms (0%), and low visibility (0%) have a significant correlation with increased aviation risks. Additionally, this study examines the effectiveness of implementing weather risk management systems and operators' compliance with post-accident safety recommendations. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the development of weather risk mitigation policies, improvements to standard operating procedures (SOPs), and the enhancement of human resource weather risk mitigation policies, improving standard operating procedures (SOPs), and strengthening human resource competencies in dealing with the dynamics of aviation meteorology. Thus, the results of this study are expected to support efforts to enhance aviation safety, both at the national and regional levels.
Keywords: aviation meteorology, aircraft accidents, dangerous weather phenomenom, Japan, South Korea